英语语法:同位语从句

英语语法:同位语从句

同位语从句,指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句,属于名词性从句的范畴,同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明,被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。接下来就由小编带来英语语法:同位语从句,希望对你有所帮助!

同位语从句引导词

1.同位语从句:whether

whether可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用whether作为引导词。

He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.

他还没有做出决定是否去那里。

I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job.

他是否适合这件工作我有点怀疑。

2.同位语从句:that

些名词的后面可以接that引导的同位语从句:

We came to the decision that we must act at once. 我们做出决定:我们必须立即行动。

He made a prop(山根是什么?山根也叫鼻根,位于疾厄宫(年上、寿上)之上,在两眼之间,与眼同宽,属于心区。山根主要看一个人的心思、夫妻婚姻感情、父亲等。)osal that the meeting be postpone. 他提议会议延期。

There was little hope that he would survive. 他幸存的希望很小。

在非正式语体中that可以省略。

以下名词常用于以上句型:

advice, announcement, argument, belief, claim, conclusion, decision, evidence, explanation, fact, feeling, hope, idea, impression, information, knowledge, message, news, opinion, order, probability, promise, proposal, remark, reply, report, saying, statement, suggestion, thought, treat, warning, wish, word

3.同位语从句:what

what可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用what作为引导词

I have no idea what he is doing now. 我不知道他现在在干什么。

4.同位语从句:how

how可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用how作为引导词

It’s a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。

5.同位语从句:who等

who, whom, which, when, where, why用来引导同位语从句

The question who should do the work requires consideration.

谁该干这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。

She raised the question where we could get the fund.

她提出这个问题:我们到哪儿去搞这笔资金。

同位语从句和定语从句的区别

1)同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系;而定语从句是用来修饰先行词,是从属的关系。

2)that在同位语从句中没有词义,不充当句子成分;而在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等句子成分。

3)whether, what, how可以用来引导同位语从句;而它们不能用来引导定语从句。

1. 从词义角度看问题

who, whom, which, when, where, why用来引导同位语从句是保持原来疑问词的含义;它们用来引导定语从句时,不具有疑问词的含义。

2.从搭配角度看问题

who, whom, which, when, where, why用来引导定语从句时对应性很强,如:先行词是“人”,引导词用“who”等,而它们引导同位语从句是先行词通常是“question, idea, doubt等”。

英语语法—从句—状语从句

1.状语从句在句子中起状语作用的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句由从属连词引导。状语从句可分为:

时间状语从句:

When Susan goes to town, she will visit her grandma.

苏珊每次进程,总要去看望她奶奶。

地点状语从句:

I will go where I am needed. 哪里需要我,我就到哪里去。

方式状语从句:

I have changed it as you suggest. 我已经按照你的建议作了改变。

原因状语从句:

Mary didn’t go shopping because I advised her not to.

玛丽没有去购物,因为我劝她不要去。

目的状语从句:

They worked hard in order that they might succeed.

他们努力工作,以便能够获得成功。

结果状语从句:

Waste must be treated so that it does not become a danger to life.

废物必须进行处理,这样它才不会成为危害生命的东西。

条件状语从句:

If he works hard, he will surely succeed. 如果努力工作,他肯定会成功。

让步状语从句:

Though we are all different, we need never be separate.

比较状语从句:

I was happier than I had ever been in my life. 这是我一生中最快乐的时光。

2.时间状语从句:after

时间状语从句由下列连词引导:After, as, before, once, since, till, until, when, whenever, while, as soon as

Lets wait till the rain stops. 我们等到雨停再说吧。

Once the train is moving, theres no way to stop it.

火车一旦开动就没办法让它停下来。

They were scolded whenever they were late for school. 每次他们上学迟到都挨骂。

3.时间状语从句:the moment

有一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句:The minute, the moment, every time, the first time

The moment he reached the country, he started his search.

他一到达这个国家,就开始他的探寻工作。

Every time I saw the straw hat, it reminded me of the tour I made years before.

每当我看到那顶草帽,它就使我想起几年前的那次旅游。

I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her。

我第一次见到她就觉得她诚实而友善。

4.时间状语从句:directly

有一些表示时间的副词也可用来引导时间状语从句:

Directly the master came in, everyone was quiet. 校长一进来, 大家就安静下来。

The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise.

那位年轻女士一听到响声就冲进房间。

5.时间状语从句:as的用法

1).某事一发生,另一事立即发生

As the sun rose the frog dispersed. 太阳一出来雾就消散。

They strolled into the garden as the music ceased. 音乐声一停,他们就走进花园。

2).在某事发生的过程中另一事发生

I heard the murmur of their voices as I crossed the hall. 我走过大厅的时候听到他们在嘀咕什么。(两个动作都是一般时态)

Just as he was speaking there was a loud explosion. 正当他在说话的时候,一声***。

(从句用进行时态)

3).两个动作同时发生

He smiled as he passed. 他路过的时候笑了一下。(两个都是短暂动作)

As she sang, the tears ran down her cheeks. 她一边唱歌,眼泪一边从脸颊淌下。

Helen heard the story as she washed. 海伦一边洗衣服一边听故事。

He saw that she was smiling as she read.

他看到她一边看着书一边笑。(两个都是延续性动作)

We get wiser as we get older.

我们随着年龄的增长而变得聪明起来。(随着时间的变化而变化)

6.时间状语从句:when的用法

以when引导的时间状语从句中,既可用短暂性动作也可用延续性动作。

I bought the car when I received my first salary.(短暂性动作)我是在领第一笔薪水的时候买的车。

Dont get excited when you talk.(延续性动作)说话的时候不要激动。

7.when 容易与时间状语从句混淆的例子

请注意:此项中when引导的都不是时间状语从句。

She had just finished dressing when her guests came in.

她刚刚穿戴完毕,这时她的客人进来了。

这里的when不是从属连词,而是并列连词。所以它引导的是并列句。像这类问题有以下主要特征:

when 后面的分句动词必须是瞬间动词,用于表示突然性:

We were about to start when it began to rain.正当我们要出发的时候,突然下雨了。

1).when 前面的分句是过去进行时:

He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.

他正笑着,突然门开了,他的妻子走了进来。

2).when 前面的分句含有be about to, be on the point of:

He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.

他正要出发的时候,突然有人敲门。

3).when 前面的分句采用过去完成时或是过去完成进行时:

We had just fallen asleep when the telephone rang.

我们刚刚入睡,突然***铃声响了。

The plane had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain.

飞机播种了近一个月,这时天才下雨。

8.时间状语从句:while的用法

以while引导的时间状语从句中,只能用延续性动作。

They arrived while I was sunbathing. 当我正在进行日光浴时,他们来了。

While the discussion was still going on, Mr. Zhang came in.

当讨论还在进行的时候,张先生进来了。

9.原因状语从句

because, as, since, 用来引导原因状语从句。for虽然也是表示原因,但是它不是从属连词,而是并列连词。

because 表示最强的因果关系,表达听话者未知的原因,because引导的从句通常放在后面,表示强调时也可放在前面。because引导的从句可以用来回答Why引起的特殊疑问句。

He got the job because he was the best candidate.

他得到那份工作,因为他是最佳人选。

“Why can’t I go?”“Because you are too young.”

为什么我不能去?因为你年纪太小。

as 所表示的原因通常是听话者已经知道的。因而它不是句子的中心。不能用来回答Why引起的特殊疑问句。

As all the seats were full, he stood up. 由于所有的座位都满了,他只好站着。

Perhaps she’ll need some help, especially as she’s been ill.

她可能需要帮助,尤其是因为她一直有病。

since所表示的原因通常也是听话者已经知道的。同样since也不能用来回答Why引起的特殊疑问句。

Since you are going, I will go too. 既然你要去,我也去吧。

for 从语法分析的角度来说,它不是引导状语从句,而是构成一个并列句。 for 通常用于书面语,它通常不表示因果关系,而是对前面的分句进行补充说明。for-分句通常放在句末,for 之前有逗号。

He laughed little, for he was a sad man. 他很少发笑,因为他是个多愁的人。

She was clearly upset, for her eyes were filled with tears.

她显然心烦意乱,因为她眼眶里饱含泪水。

10.地点状语从句

地点状语从句通常由where,wherever引导。

Where he made mistakes, he admitted these willingly.

他在什么地方做错了事,他都乐于承认这些错误。

Put it where we can see it. 把它放在我们能看得见的地方。

Let’s go wherever this path will take us.

我们就顺着这条小路走,走到哪儿就算哪儿。

英语语法—从句—定语从句

1.定语从句在句子中作定语,用来修饰一个名词、名词词组或者代词

2.先行词和引导词

被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词叫做先行词;在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做引导词。引导词语可分为“关系代词”和“关系副词”。

3.关系代词和关系副词

关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which, as。关系副词有:when, where, why。

同位语从句例句

The news that the United States was hit by terrorist attacks took the whole world by surprise. 美国受到恐怖主义分子袭击的消息令全世界吃惊。

The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong. 你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。

People used to hold the belief that the earth was the center of the universe. 人们曾认为地球是宇宙的中心。

The difficulty lies in the fact that we are short of money. 困难在于我们缺乏资金这个事实。

They have no idea at all where he has gone. 他们一点儿也不知道他去哪儿了。

注意:同位语从句的that 只是引导词,没有其他语法作用,在句子中不作句子成分,不能省略;而定语从句中的that 除了引导定语从句外,还是定语从句的一个成分,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不能省略,作宾语时可以省略。如:

The idea that some peoples are superior to others is sheer nonsense. 有些民族优越于其他民族这种想法简直荒谬。(请辨别是同位语从句还是定语从句。)(同位语从句)

The idea that he proposed at the meeting is sheer nonsense. 他在会议上提出的这个想法简直荒谬。(请辨别是同位语从句还是定语从句。)(定语从句)

No one is happy with the fact that he found out. 没有人对他发现的事实感到高兴。(请辨别是同位语从句还是定语从句。)(定语从句)

No one is happy with the fact that he will become their boss. 没有人对他将成为他们的老板这一事实感到高兴。(请辨别是同位语从句还是定语从句。)(同位语从句)

同位语从句用法

定义

同位语从句即重复说明同一个称谓或事件的从句。

e.g.The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.

巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖,让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。

固定用法

同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较"固定"

一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。

e.g.I heard the news that our team had won.

我听到了我们队获胜的消息。

二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,word(消息),possibility,decision等(一般的“抽象”名词都可用)。

e.g.I’ve come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.

我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。

三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that,whether,连接代词what,who。连接副词how,when,where等。(注:if不能引导同位语从句。)

e.g.He must answer the question whether he agrees with it or not.

他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。

四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,这是因为英语中的尾重原则(即不允许“头重脚轻”的现象存在)

e.g.The news is surprising that David hit Boots,his classmate to the ground.大卫把他同学布茨打倒在地的消息令人惊讶。

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